Tamil Nadu Intitated Nilgiri Tahr Survey with IUCN Observer Under Nilgiri Tahr Project

Nilgiri Tahr Project: The Tamil Nadu government initiated a 3-day survey of the Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius), the State animal. The Tamil Nadu government’s initiative to conduct an exhaustive survey of the Nilgiri Tahr, the State animal, with the purpose of understanding and conserving this endangered species. The collaboration with organizations like the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Being an endemic species listed as endangered, it faces numerous challenges such as habitat loss and poaching. Conservation initiatives like those in the Eravikulam and Mukurthi National Parks, along with captive breeding programs, highlight the multi-faceted approach required for the effective conservation of another endangered animal habitat. The collaboration between different stakeholders, including state governments, conservation organizations, and research institutions, is crucial for the effective conservation of Nilgiri Tahrs. By pooling resources, expertise, and knowledge, these collaborative efforts can address the complex challenges facing the species and its habitat.

Nilgiri Tahr

The Nilgiri Tahr, scientifically known as Nilgiritragus hylocrius, is a majestic mountain ungulate endemic to the Western Ghats of India. The Nilgiri Tahr is an iconic ungulate species endemic to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern parts of the Western and Eastern Ghats in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in Southern India. Its habitat in these regions consists of rugged mountainous terrain, characterized by montane grasslands and shola forests at elevations ranging from 1,200 to 2,600 meters. Belonging to the genus Nilgiritragus, the Nilgiri Tahr is the only species within this genus. It shares a close evolutionary relationship with sheep belonging to the genus Ovis, highlighting its unique evolutionary history within the ungulate family.

1. Habitat: Nilgiri Tahrs primarily inhabit montane grasslands and shola forests at elevations ranging between 1,200 and 2,600 meters in the Western Ghats. These habitats are characterized by rugged terrain and high rainfall, providing suitable conditions for the Tahr’s survival.
2. Endangered Status: The Nilgiri Tahr is listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. This listing highlights the severe threats faced by the species and the urgent need for conservation efforts.
3. Threats: Habitat loss and fragmentation due to human activities such as deforestation, agriculture, and infrastructure development pose significant threats to Nilgiri Tahr populations. Additionally, poaching and competition with domestic livestock further deepen their vulnerability.

About the Nilgiri Tahr Project’s key components and objectives:

The Nilgiri Tahr conservation project initiated by the Tamil Nadu government represents a significant effort to protect and preserve the state animal and its habitat. Here’s a breakdown of the

1. Objective: The primary goal of the project is to conserve the Nilgiri Tahr, an endemic ungulate species of the southern Western and Eastern Ghats, particularly in Tamil Nadu. This includes improving understanding of the current population status, mitigating threats, and raising public awareness about the species.
2. Population Status Assessment: The project involves conducting surveys and radio telemetry studies to better understand the present population status of Nilgiri Tahrs. This data will provide valuable insights into their distribution, abundance, and habitat requirements, aiding in targeted conservation efforts.
3. Reintroduction Efforts: With the aim of restoring Nilgiri Tahrs to their historic habitats, the project includes plans for reintroduction programs. By identifying suitable habitat areas and addressing existing threats, such as habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and wildfires, the project seeks to enhance the species’ chances of survival and population recovery.
4. Public Awareness: Increasing public awareness about the Nilgiri Tahr and its conservation is an integral aspect of the project. By educating local communities, stakeholders, and the general public about the significance of protecting this species and its habitat, the project aims to garner support for conservation initiatives and promote coexistence with wildlife.
5. Funding and Support: The project has a total outlay of Rs. 25.14 crore and will be implemented over a period of five years, from 2022 to 2027. Funding for the project will be provided by the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, indicating governmental support for conservation efforts.
6. Recognition and Commemoration: Designating October 7 as ‘Nilgiri Tahr Day’ in honour of E.R.C. Davidar, a pioneering figure in Nilgiri Tahr research, highlights the significance of the species and its conservation. This recognition serves to commemorate past efforts and inspire continued dedication to protecting this iconic species.

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